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1.
Medicina (Ribeirao Preto, Online) ; 56(1)abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442392

ABSTRACT

This review aimed to determine which are the indexes for early detection and evaluation of clinical and physiological deterioration of traumatized patients. A Scoping Review according to the methods proposed by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was performed from February 2018 to December 2018 on LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), and SCOPUS databases. Sixty-two studies were included, of which 43 evaluated patients with general trauma. A variety of physiological variables, such as Glasgow Coma Score, Glucose, Days in the Intensive Care Unit, Lactate, and predictor indexes - Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Revisited Trauma Score (RTS), and APACHE II were identified. The values observed in the studies among patients were compared to the ones determined by the basic literature, being called Critical Values (CV). The group of gravity indexes, besides clinical and regulatory protocols, found in this review are the solidification of the healthcare process involving the traumatized patient's responses to the actions of the healthcare team. The analysis of these indexes must be emphasized to determine, with greater reliability, the prognosis of the patient. With these data, it may be possible to effectively predict mortality rates (AU).


O objetivo desta revisão é determinar os índices para detecção precoce e avaliação clínica e fisiológica para deterioração de pacientes do trauma. Conduziu-se uma revisão de escopo de acordo com os métodos propostos pelo Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) entre fevereiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2018 nas bases de dados LILACS (Literatura Latina-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e SCOPUS. Foram incluídos 62 estudos, dos quais 43 sobre trauma geral. Encontrou-se grande diversidade de variáveis fisiológicas, como Escala de Coma de Glasgow, Glicose, dias em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, lactato e índices preditores­Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Reviseted Trauma Score (RTS) e APACHE II. Os valores observados nos pacientes dos estudos encontrados foram comparados com os da literatura básica, sendo denominados Valores Críticos (CV). O grupo de índices de gravidade encontrados neste estudo, além de protocolos reguladores e clínicos, são a solidificação do processo de cuidado envolvendo a resposta das ações da equipe em saúde ao paciente de trauma. A análise desses índices deve ser enfatizada para determinar com maior confiabilidade o prognóstico do paciente. Com esses dados, pode ser possível predizer a taxa de mortalidade com maior acurácia (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers , Trauma Severity Indices , Patient Acuity , Accidental Injuries/diagnosis
2.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 66(6): 784-791, Nov.-Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403241

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia (SH) in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in Brazil. Materials and methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2011 and August 2014 across 10 Brazilian cities. The data were obtained from 1,760 individuals with T1D. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics related to hypoglycemic events in the previous 4 weeks were evaluated. Results: Of 1,760 individuals evaluated, 1,319 (74.9%) reported at least one episode of hypoglycemia in the previous 4 weeks. The main factors associated with hypoglycemia were lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, better adherence to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), and higher education level. Episodes of SH were reported by 251 (19%) individuals who, compared with subjects with nonsevere hypoglycemia, received lower doses of prandial insulin and higher doses of basal insulin, in addition to reporting less frequent use of long-acting basal insulin analogs. The percentage of SH episodes was evenly distributed across all ranges of HbA1c levels, and there were no correlations between the mean number of nonsevere or severe hypoglycemic events and HbA1c values. Higher alcohol consumption and more frequent hospitalizations were independently associated with SH. Conclusion: Although individuals presenting with hypoglycemia had lower HbA1c values than those not presenting hypoglycemia, there were no correlations between the number of nonsevere hypoglycemia or SH and HbA1c values. Also, the frequency of SH was evenly distributed across all ranges of HbA1c values. Better adherence to SMBG and higher education level were associated with hypoglycemia, while alcohol consumption, higher doses of basal insulin, and more frequent hospitalizations in the previous year were associated with SH.

3.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 66(6): 908-918, Nov.-Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403260

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Congenital malformations are more frequently found among children born to mothers with diabetes than in the background population. There are several complex mechanisms involved in the development of congenital malformations in the offspring of mothers with hyperglycemia, such as the overexpression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) 1 and 2, the increased activity of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and the reduced expression of the PAX3 gene with a consequent increase in p53 protein expression. These alterations can lead to increased glucose and free radical concentrations in the embryo, thus promoting the process of apoptosis and causing malformation. The most frequent malformations found in the offspring of mothers with diabetes are heart and neural tube defects, urinary tract and kidney malformations, and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Strict glycemic control should be obtained before and during pregnancy, aiming to avoid or minimize the risk of congenital malformations in the offspring. Beyond hyperglycemia, several factors may also be associated with increased risks of malformations in the offspring of these women, such as obesity, multiple pregnancies, advanced maternal age, folic acid deficiency, use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, assisted reproduction techniques, and exposure to different types of environmental pollutants.

4.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 66(1): 58-67, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364311

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes maternal and infant morbidity. Periodontitis is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal status, prematurity and associated factors in pregnant women with and without GDM. Subjects and methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 80 pregnant women with GDM (G1 = 40) and without GDM (G2 = 40). Demographic and socioeconomic status, systemic and periodontal health condition, prematurity and newborns' birth weight were analyzed. For bivariate analysis, Mann-Whitney U-test, t test and Chi-squared test were used. Binary logistic regression analyzed independent variables for periodontitis and prematurity (p < 0.05). Results: Patients from G1 presented lower socioeconomic status, higher weight and body mass index (BMI). Prematurity (G1 = 27.5%; G2 = 2.5%; p < 0.05) and severe periodontitis percentages (G1 = 22.5%; G2 = 0; p = 0.001) were higher in G1 than in G2. Logistic regression analysis showed that household monthly income (OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.48-0.86; p = 0.003) and maternal BMI (adjusted OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.01-1.25; p = 0.028) were significant predictors of periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy. Presence of GDM remained in the final logistic model related to prematurity (adjusted OR = 14.79; 95% CI 1.80-121.13; p = 0.012). Conclusions: Pregnant women with GDM presented higher severity of periodontitis, lower socioeconomic status, higher overweight/obesity and a 10-fold higher risk of prematurity. Socioeconomic-cultural status and BMI were significant predictors for periodontitis, and GDM was a predictor to prematurity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Periodontitis/complications , Periodontitis/epidemiology , Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology , Birth Weight , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors
5.
Femina ; 47(11): 786-796, 30 nov. 2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046553

ABSTRACT

Em primeiro de agosto de 2016, considerando-se a relevância do Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG), tanto por sua prevalência como pelas consequências para o binômio materno-fetal em curto e em longo prazo, foi realizado, em São Paulo, um fórum de discussão sobre o tema, com o objetivo de definir uma proposta para o diagnóstico de DMG para o Brasil. Nesse contexto, participaram da reunião médicos especializados na assistência a mulheres com DMG: obstetras da Federação Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Febrasgo), endocrinologistas da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD) e consultores da Organização Panamericana de Saúde (Opas/OMS Brasil) e assessores técnicos do Ministério da Saúde. Apresentamos neste documento os principais pontos debatidos visando à análise cuidadosa das possibilidades para diagnóstico de DMG, considerando-se as diferenças de acesso aos serviços de saúde existentes no Brasil.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis , Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/etiology , Prenatal Care , Mass Screening , Risk Factors , Postpartum Period
6.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 63(1): 22-29, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989289

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory cytokines, placental weight, glycated hemoglobin and adverse perinatal outcomes (APOs) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Subjects and methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal and observational study conducted from April 2004 to November 2005 in Bauru, Brazil. Included patients had singleton pregnancies and performed a 100 g OGTT and had the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, TNF alfa and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) determined at 24-28th gestation weeks. Results: A total of 176 patients were included, of whom 78 had the diagnosis of GDM (44.3%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HbA1c, age, body mass index (BMI) and previous history of GDM were independent predictors for GDM diagnosis. ROC curve indicated that HbA1C levels ≥ 5.1% at 24-28 weeks gestation were associated with GDM. No difference was found in IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and CRP serum levels in women with and without GDM. Multivariate analysis showed that placental weight was significantly associated with APOs (p < 0.005), with a cut-off value of 610 grams as demonstrated by the ROC curve. Conclusion: Placental weight ≥ 610 grams and HbA1C ≥ 5.1% were found to be associated with APOs and GDM, respectively, and their evaluation should be part of prenatal care routine.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Placenta/pathology , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Interleukin-6/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Diabetes, Gestational/blood , Pregnancy Outcome , Biomarkers/blood , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies
8.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 21(4): 1197-1206, Abr. 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-778591

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão foi verificar dados concernentes sobre a relação existente entre estilo de vida e controle glicêmico em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). Os métodos aplicados incluíram estratégia de busca na literatura, seleção dos estudos por meio dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão de acordo com as características dos estudos. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline, PubMed, Cochrame, SciELO e IBECS entre 2005 e 2014. Os artigos selecionados foram estudos em humanos, investigando estilo de vida, atividades físicas e níveis glicêmicos. Dos 1798 estudos identificados inicialmente, 11 atendiam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Dentre os estudos analisados foram relacionados 1 de coorte, 1 longitudinal prospectivo, 1 caso controle e 8 transversais que abordavam o tema proposto. A atividade física regular foi a variável que apresentou maior relação com a melhora nos níveis glicêmicos. Vida ativa saudável, dieta balanceada, atividades físicas e educação em diabetes melhoraram o controle glicêmico do paciente DM1. Os resultados permitem concluir que o estilo de vida pautado em atividades físicas interfere diretamente na saúde do paciente com DM1, inclusive contribuindo para o controle glicêmico.


Abstract The aim of this review was to verify data concerning the relationship between the existent lifestyle and glycemic control in patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DM1). The methods applied included the literature search strategy, selection of studies by means of inclusion and exclusion strategies, according to the characteristics of the studies. The search was conducted in the Lilacs, Medline, PubMed, Cochrame, SciELO and IBECS databases between in the period between 2005 and 2014. The articles selected were studies in humans, investing lifestyle, physical activities and glycemic levels. Of the 1798 studies initially identified, 11 met the eligibility criteria. Among the studies analyzed, 1 cohort; 1 longitudinal prospective, 1 case control and 8 transversal studies that approached the proposed theme were related. Regular physical activity was the variable that presented greatest relationship with the improvement in glycemic levels. Healthy active life, balanced diet, physical activities and education in diabetes improved the glycemic control of the DM1 patient. The results allowed the authors to conclude that a lifestyle based on physical activities interfered directly in the health of patients with DM1, in addition to contributing the glycemic control.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Life Style , Exercise , Prospective Studies
9.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 24: e2701, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-960959

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: to assessed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and drug abuse in mothers of children with orofacial clefts (OFC). Methods: 325 women who had children (0-3y) with clefts were interviewed. Data regarding type of diabetes, use of legal/illegal drugs during pregnancy, waist girth and fasting blood sugar at the first prenatal consult were collected. Results: twenty seven percent of the women had DM, out of these, 89% had gestational DM, 5,5% type 1 DM and 5,5% type 2 DM. The prevalence of DM in mothers of children with OFC was 27%, it is significantly higher than the average Brazilian population which is 7.6% (p<0.01) (OR=4.5, 95%CI=3.5-5.8). Regarding drug abuse during pregnancy, 32% of the mothers used drugs and a significant positive correlation was observed between drug abuse and the occurrence of clefts and other craniofacial anomalies (p=0.028) (OR=2.87; 95%CI=1.1-7.4). Conclusions: DM and drug abuse during pregnancy increases the risk for OFC and related anomalies and early diagnosis of DM and prevention of drug abuse, especially in pregnant women, should be emphasized.


Resumen Objetivos: esta investigación estableció la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus (DM) y el abuso de drogas en madres de niños con malformaciones creaneofaciales (MCF). Métodos: 325 mujeres que tuvieron hijos (0-3 años) con malformaciones fueron entrevistadas. Se obtuvieron datos referentes a: tipo de diabetes; uso de drogas lícitas o ilícitas durante el embarazo; circunferencia de la cintura; y, glucemia en ayunas en la primera consulta prenatal. Resultados: el veintisiete por ciento de las mujeres tenían DM. Entre estas, el 89% tuvieron DM gestacional, el 5,5% DM tipo 1 y el 5,5% DM tipo 2. La prevalencia de DM en madres de hijos con MCF fue de 27%. Esto es significativamente más alto que el promedio de la población brasileña afectada por esa enfermedad, que es de 7,6% (p<0.01) (OR=4,5, 95%IC=3,5-5,8). Observando el abuso de drogas durante el embarazo, el 32% de las madres había utilizado drogas y una correlación positiva significativa fue observada entre el abuso de drogas y la ocurrencia de hendiduras y otras malformaciones craneofaciales (p=0,028) (OR=2,87; 95%IC=1,1-7,4). Conclusiones: la DM y el abuso de drogas durante el embarazo aumentan el riesgo de MCF y de anomalías relacionadas; se enfatiza la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de DM y la prevención del abuso de drogas, especialmente entre las mujeres embarazadas.


Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência de diabetes mellitus (DM) e o uso de drogas em mães de crianças com fissuras orofaciais (FOF). Método: 325 mulheres que tiveram filhos (0-3 anos) com fissuras foram entrevistadas. Os dados referentes tipo de diabetes, uso de drogas lícitas / ilícitas durante a gravidez, circunferência abdominal e glicemia em jejum na primeira consulta pré-natal foram coletados. Resultados: vinte e sete por cento das mulheres tinham DM. Destes, 89% tinham DM gestacional, 5,5% DM tipo 1 e 5,5% DM tipo 2. A prevalência de DM em mães de crianças com FOF foi de 27%, significativamente mais elevado que a média da população brasileira que é de 7,6% (p <0,01) (OR = 4,5, IC de 95% = 3,5-5,8). Com relação ao uso de drogas, 32% das mães eram usuárias drogas durante a gravidez e uma correlação positiva foi observada entre o uso de drogas e a ocorrência de FOF e anomalias relacionadas (p = 0,028) (OR = 2,87; IC95% = 1,1-7,4). Conclusões: DM e uso de drogas durante a gravidez aumentam o risco de FOF e anomalias relacionadas e o diagnóstico precoce de DM e a prevenção do uso de drogas, especialmente em mulheres grávidas, devem ser enfatizados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Pregnancy in Diabetics , Cleft Lip/epidemiology , Cleft Palate/epidemiology , Diabetes, Gestational , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Diabetes Complications/complications , Brazil , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors
10.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-721628

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O diabetes é uma condição caracterizada por hiperglicemia, decorrente de produção deficiente de insulina e/ou resistência à sua ação. O controle do diabetes tem relação com o estado emocional, constituído por aspectos psicológicos que podem alterar ou agravar o quadro. Objetivo: O presente estudo visa identificar e analisar as principais características emocionais que possam afetar o funcionamento psíquico de adolescentes com DM1. Métodos: Participaram 8 adolescentes atendidos na Associação dos Diabéticos de Bauru. Como estratégia metodológica utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo. Foi utilizada entrevista semiestruturada com questões referentes à percepção da história pregressa e o futuro, metapercepção e imagem corporal, que compreendem aspectos ligados à identidade dos adolescentes. Resultados: Os resultados permitem considerar que o DM1 altera a dinâmica familiar em aspectos biológicos, psicológicos e sociais, configurando elementos que interferem no enfrentamento da doença. Isso gera conflito, medo, insegurança e superproteção, que interferem na identidade do indivíduo. Conclusão: O DM1 não foi identificado como fator central, não interferindo diretamente nos sonhos, planejamentos, autopercepção e autoimagem.


Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or resistance to its action. Diabetes control is related to the emotional status consisting of psychological aspects that may alter or aggravate this condition. Objective: the study aims to identify and analyze main emotional characteristics that can affect the psychic functioning of adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus 1 (DM1). Methods: participants were 8 adolescents with DM1 attended by the Diabetes Association in the city of Bauru. Qualitative research of descriptive and exploratory nature was used as methodological strategy. A semi-structured interview was applied with questions regarding the perception of past history and the future, meta-perception and body image, which comprise aspects related to the adolescent's identity. Results: results support the view that DM1 alters family dynamics as to biological, psychological and social features, which represent elements that interfere with fighting the disease. This generates conflict, fear, insecurity and overprotection, interfering with the individual's identity. Conclusions: DM1 was not identified as a central factor, not directly interfering with dreams, planning, self-perception and self-image.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology , Psychology, Adolescent/statistics & numerical data , Qualitative Research
11.
J. appl. oral sci ; 21(1): 1-12, 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-684988

ABSTRACT

Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most commonly known human chronic disorders. The relationship between PD and several systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasingly recognized over the past decades. Objective: The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with knowledge concerning the relationship between PD and DM. Many articles have been published in the English and Portuguese literature over the last 50 years examining the relationship between these two chronic diseases. Data interpretation is often confounded by varying definitions of DM, PD and different clinical criteria were applied to determine the prevalence, extent and severity of PD, levels of glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. Methods: This paper provides a broad overview of the predominant findings from research conducted using the BBO (Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia), MEDLINE, LILACS and PubMed for Controlled Trials databases, in English and Portuguese languages published from 1960 to October 2012. Primary research reports on investigations of relationships between DM/DM control, PD/periodontal treatment and PD/DM/diabetes-related complications identified relevant papers and meta-analyses published in this period. Results: 7This paper describes the relationship between PD and DM and answers the following questions: 1- The effect of DM on PD, 2- The effects of glycemic control on PD and 3- The effects of PD on glycemic control and on diabetes-related complications. Conclusions: The scientific evidence reviewed supports diabetes having an adverse effect on periodontal health and PD having an adverse effect on glycemic control and on diabetes-related complications. Further research is needed to clarify these relationships and larger, prospective, controlled trials with ethnically diverse populations are warranted to establish that treating PD can positively influence glycemic control and possibly reduce the burden of...


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes Complications/blood , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Chronic Disease , Periodontal Diseases/blood , Risk Factors
12.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 56(7): 405-414, Oct. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-654268

ABSTRACT

Pregnancy affects both maternal and fetal metabolism, and even in non-diabetic women, it exerts a diabetogenic effect. Among pregnant women, 2% to 14% develop gestational diabetes. Pregnancy can also occur in women with preexisting diabetes, which may predispose the fetus to many alterations in organogenesis, restrict growth, and the mother, to some diabetes-related complications, such as retinopathy and nephropathy, or to acceleration of the course of these complications, if they are already present. Women with gestational diabetes generally start their treatment with diet and lifestyle changes; when these changes are not enough for optimal glycemic control, insulin therapy must then be considered. Women with type 2 diabetes using oral hypoglycemic agents are advised to change to insulin therapy. Those with preexisting type 1 diabetes should start intensive glycemic control. As basal insulin analogues have frequently been used off-label in pregnant women, there is a need to evaluate their safety and efficacy. The aim of this review is to report the use of both short- and long-acting insulin analogues during pregnancy and to enable clinicians, obstetricians, and endocrinologists to choose the best insulin treatment for their patients.


A gravidez afeta tanto o metabolismo materno quanto o fetal e, mesmo em mulheres não diabéticas, apresenta um efeito diabetogênico. Entre as mulheres grávidas, 2% a 14% desenvolvem o diabetes gestacional. A gravidez pode ocorrer também em mulheres já diabéticas, o que pode predispor o feto a muitas alterações na organogênese, restrição de crescimento e a mãe a algumas complicações relacionadas ao diabetes, tais como retinopatia e nefropatia, ou acelerar o curso dessas complicações se já estiverem presentes. Pacientes com diabetes gestacional geralmente iniciam seu tratamento com dieta e mudanças no estilo de vida; porém, quando essas medidas falham em atingir um controle glicêmico adequado, a insulinoterapia deve ser considerada. Pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 em uso de hipoglicemiantes orais são aconselhadas a iniciar o uso de insulina. Pacientes com diabetes tipo 1 preexistente devem iniciar um controle glicêmico estrito. Em função do fato de os análogos basais de insulina estarem sendo utilizados muito frequentemente off-label em pacientes grávidas, faz-se necessário avaliar sua segurança e eficácia nessa condição. O objetivo desta revisão é avaliar o uso de tais análogos, tanto de ação curta como prolongada, durante a gravidez, para possibilitar médicos clínicos, obstetras e endocrinologistas escolher o melhor regime terapêutico para suas pacientes.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , /drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin, Long-Acting/therapeutic use , Insulin, Short-Acting/therapeutic use , Pregnancy in Diabetics/drug therapy , Blood Glucose/metabolism
13.
Rev. Salusvita (Online) ; 31(2)2012. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-689454

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by genetic, metabolic and/or acquired factors that cause insulin deficiency or resistance that result in hyperglycemia. Objective: to characterizing pharmaceutical drugs profile in that concerns the frequency of use, pharmacological classes and possible associations and interactions Method: This prospective study was done by applying a questionnaire to 62 individuals with diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2) that have been watched by educational activities at Bauru's Diabetics Association (BDA. ATC classification (Anatomical Therapeutic Classification/2008) was used for pharmaceutic drug classification. Results:The group A (alimentary tract and metabolism) showed to be the most used (54%), followed by group C (cardiovascular) (33%). Metformin (52%) and glyburide (25%) were the most used oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), with only 10% being in use of insulin, alone or associated with other drugs. Metformin was the most used in multiple therapies. Discussion: Although the assessment of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of patients were observed 23 potential drug interactions between combinations of drugs used.The need of different therapies for DM2 is justified by the occurrence of other com orbidities such as hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia. However, in many cases, the use of all these drugs together can lead to drugs interactions deteriorating patient's quality of life. Conclusion: the multidisciplinary team approach is to be aware of the prescribed drugs to DM2 and teach them the correct use these drugs in such a way that patient's quality of life not be endangered or worsened.


Introdução: Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma doença crônica causada por fatores genéticos, metabólicos e / ou adquiridas que causam deficiência de insulina ou resistência que resultam em hiperglicemia. Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil de drogas farmacêuticas, no que diz respeito à frequência de uso, classes farmacológicas e possíveis associações e interações. Metodologia: este estudo prospectivo foi realizado com a aplicação de um questionário a 62 indivíduos com diabetes 2 (DM2) que compareceram às atividades educativas da Associação de Diabéticos de Bauru (ADB). A Classificação ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic chemical/ 2008) foi utilizada para a classificação das drogas farmacêuticas. Resultados: drogas do grupo A (trato digestivo e metabolismo) mostrou ser a mais utilizada (54%), seguidos pelos do grupo C (cardiovascular) (33%). Metformina (52%) e glibenclamida (25%) foram os hipoglicemiantes orais mais utilizados, com apenas 10% em uso de insulina, isoladamente ou associados a outras drogas. A metformina foi a mais utilizada em terapias múltiplas. Discussão: na avaliação do seguimento farmacoterapêutico dos pacientes foram observadas 23 interações medicamentosas potenciais entre as combinações de medicamentos utilizados. A necessidade de diferentes terapias de DM2 é justificada pela ocorrência de outras co-morbidades como hipertensão, obesidade e dislipidemia. No entanto, em muitos casos, a utilização de todas estas drogas em conjunto, podem levar a interações de drogas que deterioram a qualidade de vida do paciente. Conclusão: a abordagem da equipe multidisciplinar consiste em estar consciente dos medicamentos prescritos para DM2 e ensinar o uso correto deles de tal forma que a qualidade de vida do paciente não tenha riscos ou piora.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Drug Evaluation , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Pharmaceutical Preparations/adverse effects
14.
Femina ; 39(1): 29-34, jan. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-594048

ABSTRACT

O diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) é uma das patologias mais comuns na gravidez. Quando não diagnosticado e não tratado, pode determinar sérias complicações durante a gravidez e parto com aumento da morbidade e mortalidade perinatal, além de ser marcador de risco de complicações tanto para a mãe como para a criança e de desenvolverem doenças no futuro. Apesar disso, não há consenso sobre a melhor forma de rastrear e diagnosticar essa doença na gravidez. Esta revisão teve como objetivo demonstrar quais os métodos descritos na literatura recente e nos consensos de especialistas para esse rastreamento, além de mostrar o esforço que tem sido feito para sistematizar e unificar o rastreamento e o diagnóstico do DMG.


Gestational diabetes (GD) is one of the most prevalent clinical disorders in pregnancy. When it is not diagnosed and treated, it can lead to serious complications during pregnancy and at delivery, as well as increase perinatal morbidity and mortality, besides being a condition that predisposes the mother and the child to future complicatons. Nevertheless, there is no consensus as to the best way of screening and diagnosing this disorder in pregnancy. This review presents the methods recently described in the literature and the consensus of specialists on screening, as well as the efforts to standardize and unify GD screening and dignosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Consensus , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis , Glucose Tolerance Test , Blood Glucose/analysis , Hyperglycemia/complications , Mass Screening , Prognosis
15.
Femina ; 35(10): 623-629, out. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-480240

ABSTRACT

Em 1988, Reaven descreveu a síndrome X, uma junção de diversos fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares, sendo a resistência à insulina o ponto de partida para o estabelecimento de tais fatores. Várias denominações foram dadas a esse grupo de co-morbidades e hoje ela é conhecida como síndrome metabólica. Seu estudo tem sido dificultado pela ausência de consenso na sua definição. Sua prevalência varia de acordo com o critério diagnóstico utilizado e com as características da população estudada, sendo mais encontrada em portadores de obesidade central. A prevalência em mulheres varia de 10,7 a 40,5 porcento. Trata-se de um preditor para o desenvolvimento de complicações cardiovasculares e está associada a duas importantes entidades nosológicas bastante estudadas em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia: a síndrome dos ovários policísticos e o diabetes gestacional. Embora não façam parte dos critérios diagnósticos, várias condições clínicas e fisiopatológicas estão freqüentemente a ela associadas, tais como: acanthosis nigricans, doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica, microalbuminúria, estados pró-trombóticos (elevação dos níveis de PAI-I e fibrinogênio), estados pró-inflamatórios (elevação dos níveis de IL-6, TNF-a, resistina e PCR), disfunção endotelial e hiperuricemia. Os autores fazem uma revisão sobre o diagnóstico laboratorial e os fatores ligados a SM, evidenciando que a gravidez é um modelo da SM compensada; e sugerem que o diabetes gestacional e a hiperglicemia materna diária devam ser acrescentados aos critérios diagnósticos.


Subject(s)
Female , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Diabetes, Gestational , Dyslipidemias , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Insulin Resistance , Obesity/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
17.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 71(2): 202-207, mar.-abr. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-408693

ABSTRACT

Diabetes Mellitus pode acarretar complicacões nos olhos, rins, nervos cranianos, nervos periféricos, ouvidos, etc. A funcão cognitiva também parece estar prejudicada em indivíduos portadores de Diabetes Mellitus, visto que as estruturas corticais e subcorticais responsáveis por esta funcão estão prejudicadas em alguns pacientes dependentes de insulina. O potencial cognitivo P300 tem sido usado como um procedimento objetivo para avaliar a funcão cognitiva cerebral. OBJETIVO: Analisar a sensibilidade do potencial cognitivo P300 para detectar alteracões no córtex auditivo decorrentes do Diabetes Mellitus. FORMA DE ESTUDO: coorte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo 16 indivíduos diabéticos de ambos os sexos, com idade variando de 7 a 71 anos, e 17 indivíduos não-diabéticos equiparados quanto ao sexo, idade e limiar auditivo. Os procedimentos de avaliacão foram: Audiometria Tonal Liminar (ATL) e potencial cognitivo P300. No grupo diabético foi realizada a medida do valor glicêmico antes da realizacão do P300. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos na ATL não mostraram diferenca estatisticamente significante. Foi observado diferenca estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, quando analisado a latência do componente P3, medido em Fz. Houve correlacão entre a glicemia e a latência e amplitude do P300. CONCLUSAO: A pesquisa do potencial cognitivo P300 é um importante procedimento para prevenir e diagnosticar precocemente de alteracões neurológicas em indivíduos com Diabetes Mellitus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , /physiology , Hearing Loss/diagnosis , Auditory Cortex/physiopathology , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Hearing Loss/prevention & control
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